高中英语语法基础知识大全

高中英语基础知识大全一

系动词用法和分类

01

【联系动词】

连接主语和表语的动词称为联系动词。不能独立存在 ，后面必须跟表语一起构成复合谓语，表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。

【举例】

He felt ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。

felt是系动词，后跟表语，说明主语情况。

02

【感官动词】

常见：Feel, smell, sound, taste, touch

【举例】

Those oranges on sale taste good.卖的那些橘子尝起来很好吃。

03

【状态系动词】

表主语状态,只有be。

【举例】

He is director of our department.他是我们部门的主任。

04

【持续性动词】

Keep, rest, remain, stay, lie，表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度

【举例】

The meat will keep/stay fresh for several days.肉会保鲜好几天的。

这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。

05

【变化系动词】

Become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run，表示主语变成什么样。

【举例】

He became fat in winter holiday.他这个假期变胖了。

很多系动词可以当系动词,也可以当实义动词,但用法有所不同。

06

【双谓语系动词】

此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。

【举例】

The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。

He married young. 他结婚很早

高中英语基础知识大全二

定语从句语法专项练习习题精选

用适当的关系词填空：

1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.

2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.

3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.

4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.

5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.

6. This is the school ______I used to study.

7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?

8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?

9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?

10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?

11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.

12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.

13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.

14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.

15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.

16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.

18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.

19. This is the way____he did it.

20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?

21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?

22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?

23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.

24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.

25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.

26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.

27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.

28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.

29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.

30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend. KEYS:

1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that

6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where

11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that

16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that

21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose

26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where

高中英语基础知识大全三

定语从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1 、关系代词引导的定语从句

1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如：

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

不用that的情况：

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

c) 多用who 的情况

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin. d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f)关系代词在从句中做表语

He is not the man that he used to be.

2 、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

注意：

①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。

如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。

Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句

She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

4、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

用法区别：

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

As we all know, he never smokes.

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。

She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。

I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

高中英语基础知识大全四

1、be certain/ be sure

be uncertain about意思是“对……不确定(没把握)”

uncertain的词根是certain,意思是“确信的，有把握的”，常用于以下结构：

(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定会做……”(表示某事将要发生)。如：

He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.

(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“确信、有把握”(表示某个人的思想状态)。如：

We are certain/ sure of victory.

(3)名词从句作主语时，一般多用certain.

It is certain that he will come.

2、be different from 与……不同

Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。

对比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……

Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她与众不同。

3、be familiar with/be familiar to

be familiar with的主语是有生命的事，意为“某人对人、事熟悉”;be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物，意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”，对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。

I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。

注意：be familiar with/to 还表示“精通、通晓”

如：French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就象对英语一样精通。

[应用] 一句多译

①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。

②她精通4种语言。

Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.

②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.